How SENTENCE STRESS changes meaning in English

197

My name is Emma and in today's video I am going to teach you how to become a better listener,

and I'm going to do that by teaching you about something called "Sentence Stress".

So I want you to think about the times you've listened to English, maybe in a movie, maybe

you saw a movie, or maybe a TV show - was there ever a time where you didn't understand something?

Maybe everybody laughed, maybe somebody suddenly got angry and you felt like you missed some

of the meaning to why something happened.

It might be because you're not listening enough to sentence stress.

So, what is sentence stress?

Well, let me show you.

When we talk about stress in language, we're talking about making something louder and longer.

So, for example, if I say the number "thirteen" versus "thirteen", even though they sound

similar, they're different because I've put a different stress or a different emphasis

on each part of the word.

So this is in part a pronunciation lesson, but also really about listening and how to listen better.

So I have here a sentence: "I love studying English."

Now, it seems like a pretty straightforward sentence, but I can actually change the meaning

of this sentence using sentence stress.

So, by saying different parts of the sentence louder and longer I can actually change the meaning.

So I'm going to give you an example.

"I love studying English."

What part did I say louder and longer?

If you said: "I", you're correct, so I'm going to put a mark here to show sentence stress.

"I love studying English."

If you heard somebody say this it means that I love studying English, but my friend doesn't.

Or I love studying English, but other people hate studying English.

So I'm really emphasizing that I am, you know, maybe one of the only people.

So, I love studying English.

Now, this is a bit of a different meaning than if we move the stress-so I'll just erase that-to the word "love".

So I want you to listen to how I say this: "I love studying English."

So in this case "love" is the part I'm saying louder and longer.

And now it has a different meaning.

Even though it's the same sentence, just by saying a different part louder and longer

I've changed the meaning.

So: "I love studying English."

What does that mean?

If I'm focused on the word "love" it means I really want to emphasize that I don't just

like English, I love English.

English is my passion.

I love it. I really, really, really like it a lot.

Now, if we take the stress here and we move it to "studying": "I love studying English",

So now you hear "studying" is louder and longer, again, now we have a different meaning from

when I said: "I love studying English",

"I love studying English", "I love studying English",

each of these means a different thing.

"I love studying English" means I only love studying English.

I'm emphasizing maybe I don't like using English, maybe I don't like, you know, English in conversation.

Maybe I only like reading my book about English, but I don't actually like using it.

Now, if we change the stress to "English" and now "English" is going to be louder and longer...

Okay? So, for example: "I love studying English", "English" is louder and longer, now this has

a new meaning, a fourth meaning.

"I love studying English" means only English.

Maybe I hate all other languages.

I don't like studying French, I don't like studying Portuguese, I don't like studying Arabic.

I only like studying English.

So, as you can see, the way we pronounce these sentences adds meaning to them.

It's not just the words that have meaning, it's also the way we use our voice, our intonation.

Okay, so we're going to do some practice listening.

I'm going to say a sentence and you're going to first listen to: What part of the sentence has the stress?

What part of the stress is louder and longer?

So let's do that with the next sentence first.

"I like your painting. I like your painting."

What part was the loud part?

What part was the long part?

"I like your painting."

If you said: "your", you are correct.

This part has the stress.

Now, I have three different meanings that this sentence could mean.

It could mean it's an okay painting.

Okay? It could mean my friends don't like the painting,

or it could also mean I only like your painting,

but not the other people's paintings.

So I want you to listen one more time and tell me which of these best represent this

sentence with the stress.

"I like your painting."

So does that mean it's an okay painting?

Does that mean my friends don't like it?

Does it mean I only like your painting, but not other paintings?

So, in this case this is the meaning of the sentence.

I like your painting, but I don't like his painting.

His painting's awful.

Your painting is the good painting.

So let's try again.

I'm going to now take away the stress and I'm going to say the sentence again but with

the stress somewhere else.

Okay? So listen to where I put the stress carefully.

"I like your painting.

I like your painting."

So what part is louder and longer?

If you said: "I", you are correct.

So what do you think this means?

Do you think it means: "I like your painting" means it's an okay painting?

Or: "I like your painting" means my friends don't like your painting, but I do?

Okay? So I'm emphasizing "I".

Which one do you think it means?

If you said B, you're correct.

If I'm focusing on "I", it means that other people don't like it, but I do, and I'm highlighting

the fact other people don't.

So, if we put the stress here it means this.

So finally we're going to do the third possible meaning, and I'll take away the stress here.

"I like your painting.

I like your painting."

So what part of the sentence is stressed?

If you said: "like" you're correct.

Okay? So this means that I'm not really saying I love your painting.

I'm really stressing I like it.

It means it's an okay painting, but I don't love it.

Okay? I don't hate it, I don't love it.

It's an okay painting.

I like your painting, but I don't love it.

So here's an example of where stress changes the meaning of the sentence.

Just putting stress on different words has a huge impact on the sentence, and this is

something a lot of language learners miss when they're listening.

So let's do another couple more practices of this just so you can really see how important

the pronunciation and stress is to meaning.

Okay, so before we begin the next example, I want to tell you that I know this is difficult.

So if you're just, like: "I don't know what's going on. I can't understand the differences",

it's okay because this does take time.

We're practicing, and the more you practice the easier it will be, but just try your best

and just remember that stress changes the meaning.

And just, you know, you can think logically about it, but try your best.

It is difficult for people who are learning a language.

Okay, so let's look at the next example.

"She had a lot of money."

"She had a lot of money."

I'm going to first say the sentence again, but this time I'm going to put some emphasis

or some stress on part of the sentence.

I want you to decide: Which word do I say louder and longer?

Okay? Which word do I put the stress on? Okay?

"She had a lot of money.

She had a lot of money."

So what word is louder and longer?

If you said: "money", you are correct.

This is the word where we have the stress.

Okay? I'm saying "money" louder.

So if I stress "money": "She had a lot of money", what does this mean?

Do you think it means she doesn't have much money now?

Is that what we're focused on?

Do you think it means she was very rich, and that's what we're focused on?

Or do you think it means although she had money, she didn't have other important things?

Maybe she didn't have love.

She has lots of money, but not other things.

Which is the best meaning based on the intonation?

I'll say it one more time: "She had a lot of money."

So the meaning that is there based on the intonation in the stress is going to be this

one, C. So, although she had money, she didn't have a lot of other important things.

Okay? So maybe she has money, but she doesn't have love.

Maybe she doesn't have friends.

Maybe she doesn't have family.

All she has is money.

Okay? And we know this because the stress is on the word "money".

Okay, so let's try this again.

I'm going to erase this.

So, again, listen for the stress.

What part do I say louder and longer?

"She had a lot of money.

She had a lot of money."

Okay, this time I'm not going to use my hands.

"She had a lot of money."

Okay, so which word do you think I stressed?

If you said: "a lot", you are correct.

Okay? This is the important word in this sentence, this is the part that's louder and longer

and that I'm stressing.

So what do you think it means if I stress this word?

Does it mean she doesn't have much money now, or does it mean she was very rich?

And we're really focused on...

We're answering the question of: How rich?

Which one do you think it is?

Well, because we're focused on the word "a lot", we're really trying to highlight the

fact that she was very rich.

It's almost like we're answering the question: -"How rich?"

She had a lot of money.

Not a little, not some.

Okay, so now let's try for the third one.

Okay? So, the next one is she doesn't have much money now.

If I want to say this, where do you think I should stress?

She doesn't have much money now.

Where I would stress if I want this meaning, I would stress the word

"had".

So, I want you to repeat after me following this stress: "She had a lot of money.

She had a lot of money."

So, if I focus on the word "had"...

And this is probably the most important part of this lesson because this is a very common

thing we stress.

If we stress the word "had" in a sentence it means that it's no longer true.

Okay? So, in the past she had a lot of money, but now she doesn't have much.

She has no money.

So, stressing "had" means that what was true is not true anymore.

I'll give you another example.

"I had a great teacher.

I had a great teacher."

This means my old teacher was great, but my new teacher is terrible.

So, again, even though we're not saying this, just in the way we're saying our words, there's

a lot of extra meaning.

So let's look at one more example to practice this.

Okay, so we're on our very last sentence of the day, and again, I want you to see all

the different ways we can make meaning in this sentence based on the stress we use on it.

Okay? So I have this sentence: "I know you made a mistake."

Now, I have the three different things it can possibly mean-okay?-based on stress.

So I'm going to put stress on a part of the sentence, and I want you first to decide:

What part of the sentence am I saying louder and longer?

Okay, so the sentence is: "I know you made a mistake.

I know you made a mistake."

So what part of the sentence is louder and longer?

If you said the word "I", you're correct.

This is the part that I'm stressing.

So what does this mean if I say: "I know you made a mistake"?

Does it mean other people don't know, but I know?

Does it mean I'm 100% sure you made a mistake?

Or does it mean it was you who made the mistake, not your friend?

Your friend didn't make the mistake, you made the mistake.

So out of these three, the most likely thing: "I made a mistake" means is going to be this

one: Other people don't know, but I know.

Okay? So if I say: I know you made a mistake" it means your friends don't know, your teacher

doesn't know, but I know.

So this is different than if we say this:

"I know you made a mistake.

I know you made a mistake."

So what part is the loudest?

What part is the longest?

If you said: "know", you're correct.

"I know you made a mistake."

So what does this mean?

Does it mean...?

So we've already used this one.

Does it mean I'm 100% sure you made a mistake?

Or does it mean it was you; not your friend, you?

Well, considering we're really focused on the word "know", and "know" usually has to

do with, like, either we know or we don't know,

it's going to be B. I'm stressing the fact that I am sure,

I am certain it was you who made the mistake.

"I know you made a mistake" means I'm 100% sure you're the one who made the mistake.

So, I'm going to...

So the next one is going to mean this, it's going to mean it was you and not your friend

who made the mistake, that's the thing we're focused on.

So I want you to listen very carefully to: Where is the stress?

"I know you made the mistake.

I know you made the mistake."

Okay, so if you said the stress

is on "you", you're correct.

And so if I say: "I know you made the mistake"

it means I really want to emphasize that it's

not your friends, it's not your family, you're the one. Okay?

So, the thing with this is it's very important to first identify: Where is the stress?

What part is the person really emphasizing?

What part is the person saying with emotion?

So that's the first step, and once you do this you can think about:

"Okay, why are they saying this part louder and longer?

What's the purpose?

What does it mean?

Does it mean they're focused on, you know...

On it being that they see you do something versus someone else, is it based on maybe

they're trying to show that they like something, or love something, or hate something?"

So it's always good to ask yourself: Where is there stress and why is there stress?

Again, this takes a lot of practice.

If you're really interested in doing more practice for this, there's a couple of things you can do.

First of all, there's a test called the TOEFL.

This is very, very important on the TOEFL test.

Even if you're not taking the TOEFL test, I highly recommend doing some of the listenings

because they have a lot of practice where you can actually listen for intonation and

stress, and connect it to meaning.

Okay? So that's a great resource.

Also you can check out our website at www.engvid.com, and there you can also find some more practice

along with our quiz.

I hope you've enjoyed this video.

Again, I know it's a little bit difficult, but with practice and time I'm sure you will

be able to get this.

I also would like to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.

There you can find many more resources on vocabulary, listening, pronunciation, and

all sorts of other great things.

So until next time, thanks for watching and take care.